"Ingsun amamiti anebut asthma Yang Sukmo. Dunya kabhe ing mura Rahman, Rahim ase ing hereafter. Ing sakihi kang amaca 'Laila Muhammadun ha illa Allah."
Song of the Java language poets recited Suwamah, a resident of the village of Ban protocol, District of Prohibition, is starting a song in a celebration held by local residents in the village.
Grandpa 70-year-old is looking very seriously read it word for word in a book written in Arabic script of this fine Java language.
"Macapat". So the title kind of traditional arts of Java, which according to historical records some reference source, this type of art appears at the end of the Majapahit kingdom first.
After a thorough read word for word in one sentence temple, a man beside it and read it means using the language of the song Madurese who had just read by the poet penembang Suwamah in a book which is often called kutab "Kite" is.
"Badhan burghers angabidhi kalabhan mention of Allah (Sukmo). Se Ampon apareng pangase sareng panyaporah of dhunya kantos de 'hereafter. Especially ephon Dhe' sadhaja Manusa se amaos Ampon sentence 'La'ilaha Muhammadun illa Allah,".
Kamarudin, the name of this 58-year-old man who became the poet recited a sentence translator macapat Suwamah song.
As Suwamah, Kamarudin also a poet macapat art song. Because other than required to be able to translate, this type of art requires penembangnya to sing songs, according to a predetermined standard.
"That is, we start with a mention of Allah the Most Compassionate and All-Merciful, and that has provided forgiveness for his people in the world till the Hereafter. Especially for those who have read the sentence Tawheed (La ilaha illallah Muhamadun Messenger of Allah)." Similarly, meaning that we read the opening sentence in the beginning of the opening song macapat it before, "said Kamarudin after macapat activity explains.
Origin
Among the poets macapat art songs in the village of Ban protocol, District Tlanakan, Pamekasan, Madura, East Java, no one knows with certainty the origin or history of these kinds of traditional arts.
"I do not know exactly when and in what type of art is there. What is clear since I was small at first the Japanese colonial period, this type of art is already there," said the elders in the village who are also poets macapat art song, Haji Ridawi.
However, Ridawi words, this type of art song in Madura macapat was allegedly closely associated with the spread of Islamic syiar delivered Walisongo in Java.
That is, since the text story macapat existing songs contain stories about the religious, such as the story of the birth of Prophet Muhammad SAW and the stories of other prophets such as the story of Prophet Joseph.
"But there are also stories that tell about the Pandavas macapat and Kurawa, a common story appears in the puppet play," said Ridawi.
According to the boarding school administrators Anyar Source, Village Prohibition protocol, District Tlanakan, Pamekasan Bahwi Habibullah, from several sources of reference in a number of ancient books mentioned, art song macapat was thought to have existed between around the 16th century until the 18th century AD.
Habibullah Bahwi spoke about this in accordance with a collection of ancient books of various scientific disciplines that have been rescued in the library of the boarding school he led it.
"In that time interval, the development of science in the archipelago is indeed quite fast," he said.
Moreover, he said, the spread of Islam in the archipelago, including in Java is through a cultural approach, such as shadow puppets and a variety of other arts.
The names and types
According to art macapat poet, Kamarudin, the name "macapat" is adopted from the reading system with four-syllable song.
"So 'macapat' is derived from the word 'maca papat-papat' or read the four-four. That is, the reading system every four syllables," said Kamarudin said.
There are several kinds of songs macapat metrum amount varied, ranging from five to 10 metrum. Like, songs Artateh, Sinum (Senum), Kinanthi, pickaxe, Pocung, Durma, Maskumambang, Asmaradana, Mijil, Jurudemung, Wirangrong, Balabak, Gambuh, Megatruh, Girisa, and Dhandhanggula.
According to friends who are also poets Kamarudin macapat arts in the village of Ban protocol, District Tlanakan, Pamekasan, Haji Ridawi, each song has a rhythm metrum and different song. As many as 12 kinds of songs Artate, Asmaradana (in love) seven kinds, Pocung four, Kinanthi four kinds and mattock seven kinds.
"If at the beginning of the song is usually sung poetry or song Artateh in love," said the man who said he began to learn this song since grade 3 macapat Folk School (SR), the term for primary school level education institutions in former times.
In Madura, including the type of song macapat Pamekasan used only about seven songs, namely Artateh, Sinum, pickaxe, Pocung, Kinanthi, in love and song Maskumambang.
He said, this type of art is quite difficult to learn. In addition to song and twisted kind of song that very much, also takes patience to train.
"I used two months before they sing. That was his training every day," said Kamarudin.
Macapat in boarding schools
In Pamekasan, one of the boarding institution that seeks to continue to preserve the art song is a boarding school macapat Anyar Resources, also located in the village of Ban protocol, District Tlanakan.
Almost every month in boarding it always displays the song macapat to the surrounding community.
According to the Caregiver's Boarding School, Habibullah Bahwi, it still seeks to maintain macapat art song, because this type of art that has historical value to the spread of Islam in the archipelago.
Moreover, he said, in a story macapat song that not only presents the stories of the kingdom and the power struggle, but there are also stories of prophecy, namely the birth of Prophet Muhammad.
"Hence the book of kites in the story of this song macapat disebuh 'Nubuwah' which is called Nur Bhuwat Madurese," said Habibullah Bahwi.
Nubuwah term, he said, is the equivalent of the word "Prophet" and "Prophecy".
Therefore, he said, it considers this necessary ancestral culture is maintained.
Endangered
The interest Madura, including Pamekasan to learn the traditional art song macapat especially among the younger generation is almost practically no longer exists.
According Bahwi Habibullah, in pesantren only song macapat activities held there by the older generation, while from among the students themselves have no one interested to learn this art.
"Only parents who currently can 'nembang'. If the generation of simple, is not there anymore," said one art song macapat poet in the village of Ban protocol, Haji Ridawi.
According to Haji Ridawi, but because there is no structural efforts by the government through relevant agencies, which also became one of the factors to lack of interest young people learn these art forms, because macapat is difficult to learn.
"Before I learned this in school macapat. Now it was not studied again," he said.
Head Coaching Art History and Tradition Values, Department of Youth Sports and Culture (Disporabud) Pamekasan, Halifaturrahman admit, art macapat indeed have lost generation, because there is no more the younger generation who want to learn it.
In fact, he said, this does not only happen in art song macapat, but almost all other types of traditional arts.
"It's a problem the development of traditional arts as a whole, not just macapat alone," said Halifaturrahman.
According to him, the development of information technology advances with the availability of television means that every time and every time always displays the type of art has been able to shift the traditional art that already exists. "This sort of thing is a challenge for us," he said.
Therefore, said Halifaturrahman, in the future should be structured effort to maintain cultural treasures, including traditional art forms that exist in Madura, including in Pamekasan to keep growing.
One of them, he said, by doing a 'recreation' of the traditional arts, so this type of art that could come up with interesting, without losing the value of existing traditions. So, in that way, many young people will be interested to learn it.
"But indeed there is often a problem, worries grip lost art," he said.
According Halifaturrahman, in Pamekasan real effort 'recreation' of a traditional art that some have done, especially on this type of art of traditional dance. He mentioned such as dance "badhek mekasen" (batik Pamekasan), and dance "parabhan coast (coastal virgin).
Dance 'rondhing' and dance 'mask gethak' which is a type of traditional dance art history at the Pamekasan worth, according Halifaturrahman, also started there are touches of creativity for modern face.
"Art macapat song, I need to also do a 'recreation' in order to appear attractive and in demand among the younger generation," he said.
Halifaturrahman add pemkab through Disporabud Pamekasan indeed have made an effort to explore and develop the return type of traditional art treasures of the area as an icon of cultural property in Pamekasan.
However, if the government's efforts only unilateral, and no effort from the traditional artists to transform a new face in the arts, then he sure will not work optimally.
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